Journal of Hepatology
Volume 51, Issue 1 , Pages 29-38 , July 2009

Hepatitis C virus single-stranded RNA induces innate immunity via Toll-like receptor 7

  • Yi-Liang Zhang

      Affiliations

    • Department of Medical Genetics, Second Military Medical University, 800 Xiang’Yin Road, 200433 Shanghai, China
  • ,
  • Ying-Jun Guo

      Affiliations

    • Department of Medical Genetics, Second Military Medical University, 800 Xiang’Yin Road, 200433 Shanghai, China
  • ,
  • Bin Li

      Affiliations

    • Department of Secondary Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatic Biliary Hospital, Secondary Military Medicine University, 800 Xiang’Yin, Shanghai, China
  • ,
  • Shu-Han Sun

      Affiliations

    • Department of Medical Genetics, Second Military Medical University, 800 Xiang’Yin Road, 200433 Shanghai, China
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author. Tel./fax: +86 21 25070331.

Received 18 October 2008 ,Revised 16 February 2009 ,Accepted 2 March 2009.

References 

  1. Kontorinis N, Agarwal K, Dieterich DT. Current status of the use of growth factors and other adjuvant medications in patients receiving peginterferon and ribavirin. Rev Gastroenterol Disord. 2004;4:S39–S47
  2. Le Bon A, Schiavoni G, D’Agostino G, Gresser I, Belardelli F, Tough DF. Type i interferons potently enhance humoral immunity and can promote isotype switching by stimulating dendritic cells in vivo. Immunity. 2001;14:461–470
  3. Saito T, Owen DM, Jiang F, Marcotrigiano J, Gale M. Innate immunity induced by composition-dependent RIG-I recognition of hepatitis C virus RNA. Nature. 2008;454:523–527
  4. Diebold SS, Montoya M, Unger H, Alexopoulou L, Roy P, Haswell LE, et al. Viral infection switches non-plasmacytoid dendritic cells into high interferon producers. Nature. 2003;424:324–328
  5. Foy E, Li K, Wang C, Sumpter R, Ikeda M, Lemon SM, et al. Regulation of interferon regulatory factor-3 by the hepatitis C virus serine protease. Science. 2003;300:1145–1148
  6. Gowen BB, Wong MH, Jung KH, Sanders AB, Mitchell WM, Alexopoulou L, et al. TLR3 is essential for the induction of protective immunity against Punta Toro Virus infection by the double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), poly(I:C12U), but not Poly(I:C): differential recognition of synthetic dsRNA molecules. J Immunol. 2007;178:5200–5208
  7. Delgado MA, Elmaoued RA, Davis AS, Kyei G, Deretic V. Toll-like receptors control autophagy. EMBO J. 2008;27:1110–1121
  8. Diebold SS, Kaisho T, Hemmi H, Akira S, Reis e Sousa C. Innate antiviral responses by means of TLR7-mediated recognition of single-stranded RNA. Science. 2004;303:1529–1531
  9. Heil F, Hemmi H, Hochrein H, Ampenberger F, Kirschning C, Akira S, et al. Species-specific recognition of single-stranded RNA via toll-like receptor 7 and 8. Science. 2004;303:1526–1529
  10. Lund JM, Alexopoulou L, Sato A, Karow M, Adams NC, Gale NW, et al. Recognition of single-stranded RNA viruses by Toll-like receptor 7. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2004;101:5598–5603
  11. Hornung V, Schlender J, Guenthner-Biller M, Rothenfusser S, Endres S, Conzelmann KK, et al. Replication-dependent potent IFN-alpha induction in human plasmacytoid dendritic cells by a single-stranded RNA virus. J Immunol. 2004;173:5935–5943
  12. Zhang Y, Guo Y, Lv K, Wang K, Sun S. Molecular cloning and functional characterization of porcine toll-like receptor 7 involved in recognition of single-stranded RNA virus/ssRNA. Mol Immunol. 2008;45:1184–1190
  13. Guzylack-Piriou L, Bergamin F, Gerber M, McCullough KC, Summerfield A. Plasmacytoid dendritic cell activation by foot-and-mouth disease virus requires immune complexes. Eur J Immunol. 2006;36:1674–1683
  14. Yonkers NL, Rodriguez B, Milkovich KA, Asaad R, Lederman MM, Heeger PS, et al. TLR ligand-dependent activation of naive CD4 T cells by plasmacytoid dendritic cells is impaired in hepatitis C virus infection. J Immunol. 2007;178:4436–4444
  15. Decalf J, Fernandes S, Longman R, Ahloulay M, Audat F, Lefrerre F, et al. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells initiate a complex chemokine and cytokine network and are a viable drug target in chronic HCV patients. J Exp Med. 2007;204:2423–2437
  16. Iwasaki A, Medzhitov R. Toll-like receptor control of the adaptive immune responses. Nat Immunol. 2004;5:987–995
  17. Zhong J, Gastaminza P, Cheng G, Kapadia S, Kato T, Burton DR, et al. Robust hepatitis C virus infection in vitro. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2005;102:9294–9299
  18. Lee J, Mira-Arbibe L, Ulevitch RJ. TAK1 regulates multiple protein kinase cascades activated by bacterial lipopolysaccharide. J Leukoc Biol. 2000;68:909–915
  19. Lee J, Chuang TH, Redecke V, She L, Pitha PM, Carson DA, et al. Molecular basis for the immunostimulatory activity of guanine nucleoside analogs: activation of Toll-like receptor 7. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2003;100:6646–6651
  20. Lee J, Wu CC, Lee KJ, Chuang TH, Katakura K, Liu YT, et al. Activation of anti-hepatitis C virus responses via Toll-like receptor 7. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2006;103:1828–1833
  21. You S, Rice CM. 3′ RNA elements in hepatitis C virus replication: kissing partners and long poly(U). J Virol. 2008;82:184–195
  22. Barrat FJ, Meeker T, Gregorio J, Chan JH, Uematsu S, Akira S, et al. Nucleic acids of mammalian origin can act as endogenous ligands for Toll-like receptors and may promote systemic lupus erythematosus. J Exp Med. 2005;202:1131–1139
  23. Lindenbach BD, Evans MJ, Syder AJ, Wolk B, Tellinghuisen TL, Liu CC, et al. Complete replication of hepatitis C virus in cell culture. Science. 2005;309:623–626
  24. Wakita T, Pietschmann T, Kato T, Date T, Miyamoto M, Zhao Z, et al. Production of infectious hepatitis C virus in tissue culture from a cloned viral genome. Nat Med. 2005;11:791–796
  25. Horsmans Y, Berg T, Desager JP, Mueller T, Schott E, Fletcher SP, et al. Isatoribine, an agonist of TLR7, reduces plasma virus concentration in chronic hepatitis C infection. Hepatology. 2005;42:724–731
  26. Schott E, Witt H, Neumann K, Taube S, Oh DY, Schreier E, et al. A Toll-like receptor 7 single nucleotide polymorphism protects from advanced inflammation and fibrosis in male patients with chronic HCV-infection. J Hepatol. 2007;47:203–211
  27. Jurk M, Heil F, Vollmer J, Schetter C, Krieg AM, Wagner H, et al. Human TLR7 or TLR8 independently confer responsiveness to the antiviral compound R-848. Nat Immunol. 2002;3:499
  28. Bartosch B, Cosset FL. Cell entry of hepatitis C virus. Virology. 2006;348:1–12
  29. Wu J, Lu M, Meng Z, Trippler M, Broering R, Szczeponek A, et al. Toll-like receptor-mediated control of HBV replication by nonparenchymal liver cells in mice. Hepatology. 2007;46:1769–1778
  30. Meier A, Alter G, Frahm N, Sidhu H, Li B, Bagchi A, et al. MyD88-dependent immune activation mediated by human immunodeficiency virus type 1-encoded Toll-like receptor ligands. J Virol. 2007;81:8180–8191
  31. Judge AD, Sood V, Shaw JR, Fang D, McClintock K, MacLachlan I. Sequence-dependent stimulation of the mammalian innate immune response by synthetic siRNA. Nat Biotechnol. 2005;23:457–462
  32. Hornung V, Guenthner-Biller M, Bourquin C, Ablasser A, Schlee M, Uematsu S, et al. Sequence-specific potent induction of IFN-alpha by short interfering RNA in plasmacytoid dendritic cells through TLR7. Nat Med. 2005;11:263–270

 The authors who have taken part in this study declared that they do not have anything to disclose regarding funding from industry or conflict of interest with respect to this manuscript.

PII: S0168-8278(09)00245-1

doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2009.03.012

Journal of Hepatology
Volume 51, Issue 1 , Pages 29-38 , July 2009