« Previous
Next »
Journal of Hepatology
Volume 51, Issue 4
, Pages 810-820
, October 2009
Hepatitis C virus-induced hepatocarcinogenesis
References
- . Pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2005;17:477–483
- . Clinical consequences of hepatitis C virus infection. Rev Med Virol. 2003;13:57–68
- Alcohol and hepatocellular carcinoma: the effect of lifetime intake and hepatitis virus infections in men and women. Am J Epidemiol. 2002;155:323–331
- . Favorable prognosis of chronic hepatitis C after interferon therapy by long-term cohort study. Hepatology. 2003;38:493–502
- . Hepatocellular carcinoma: an epidemiologic view. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2002;35:S72–S78
- Incidence and cofactors of hepatitis C virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma: a prospective study of 12,008 men in Taiwan. Am J Epidemiol. 2003;157:674–682
- . Replication of hepatitis C virus. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2007;5:453–463
- Lindenbach BD, Thiel HJ, Rice CM. Flaviviridae: the viruses and their replication. In: Knipe DM, Howley PM, editors. Fields virology, 5th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven Publishers; 2007.
- . Molecular biology of flaviviruses. Adv Virus Res. 2003;59:23–61
- . Cell entry of hepatitis C virus. Virology. 2006;348:1–12
- Interferon regulatory factor-3 activation, hepatic interferon-stimulated gene expression, and immune cell infiltration in hepatitis C virus patients. Hepatology. 2008;47:799–809
- Infection of a chimpanzee with hepatitis C virus grown in cell culture. J Gen Virol. 1998;79:1383–1386
- Establishment of B-cell lymphoma cell lines persistently infected with hepatitis C virus in vivo and in vitro: the apoptotic effects of virus infection. J Virol. 2003;77:2134–2146
- . Is hepatitis C virus infection of dendritic cells a mechanism facilitating viral persistence?. Lancet Infect Dis. 2005;5:296–304
- . Hepatitis C virus particles and lipoprotein metabolism. Semin Liver Dis. 2005;25:93–104
- The lipid droplet is an important organelle for hepatitis C virus production. Nat Cell Biol. 2007;9:1089–1097
- . Association between hepatitis C virus and very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL)/LDL analyzed in iodixanol density gradients. J Virol. 2006;80:2418–2428
- . Epidemiology of hepatitis C virus infection. World J Gastroenterol. 2007;13:2436–2441
- . The natural history of hepatitis C. Semin Liver Dis. 2004;24:3–8
- . Viral hepatitis C. Lancet. 2003;362:2095–2100
- . Old and emerging therapies in chronic hepatitis C: an update. J Viral Hepat. 2008;15:2–11
- . The way forward in HCV treatment – finding the right path. Nat Rev. 2007;6:991–1000
- . Epidemiology of hepatocellular carcinoma. Clin Liver Dis. 2005;9:191–211
- Hepatocellular carcinoma: recent trends in Japan. Gastroenterology. 2004;127:S17–S26
- Hepatitis C virus genotypes and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhosis: a case-control study. Gastroenterology. 1996;111:199–205
- Hepatitis C virus genotypes and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhosis: a prospective study. Hepatology. 1997;25:754–758
- . Hepatitis C virus genotype 1b as a major risk factor associated with hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with cirrhosis: a seventeen-year prospective cohort study. Hepatology. 2007;46:1350–1356
- Hepatitis C virus 1b is the dominant genotype in HCV-related carcinogenesis: a case-control study. Int J Cancer. 1996;68:51–53
- . Hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhosis: incidence and risk factors. Gastroenterology. 2004;127:S35–S50
- Prognosis of chronic hepatitis C: results of a large, prospective cohort study. Hepatology. 1998;28:1687–1695
- Hepatitis C virus genotypes: distribution and clinical significance in patients with cirrhosis type C seen at tertiary referral centres in Europe. J Viral Hepat. 2001;8:206–216
- Determinants of outcome of compensated hepatitis C virus-related cirrhosis. Hepatology. 1998;27:1435–1440
- Risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma and its incidence after interferon treatment in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Osaka Liver Disease Study Group. Hepatology. 1998;27:1394–1402
- . Hepatitis C, cryoglobulinemia, and cirrhosis: a meta-analysis. Hepatology. 2002;36:978–985
- . Prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection in B-cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma: systematic review and meta-analysis. Gastroenterology. 2003;125:1723–1732
- . Effect of hepatitis C virus infection on the risk of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma: a meta-analysis of epidemiological studies. Cancer Sci. 2004;95:745–752
- Hepatitis C and risk of lymphoma: results of the European multicenter case-control study EPILYMPH. Gastroenterology. 2006;131:1879–1886
- Regression of splenic lymphoma with villous lymphocytes after treatment of hepatitis C virus infection. N Engl J Med. 2002;347:89–94
- Incidence of primary cholangiocellular carcinoma of the liver in japanese patients with hepatitis C virus-related cirrhosis. Cancer. 2000;88:2471–2477
- . Risk factors of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma in the United States: a case-control study. Gastroenterology. 2005;128:620–626
- Risk factors for intrahepatic and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: a hospital-based case-control study. Am J Gastroenterol. 2007;102:1016–1021
- . Clinical outcomes after transfusion-associated hepatitis C. N Engl J Med. 1995;332:1463–1466
- Risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma among patients with chronic liver disease. N Engl J Med. 1993;328:1797–1801
- Long-term follow-up of the hepatitis C HENCORE cohort: response to therapy and occurrence of liver-related complications. J Viral Hepat. 2007;14:556–563
- . Progression to cirrhosis in hepatitis C patients: an age-dependent process. Liver Int. 2007;27:335–339
- Which patients with hepatitis C develop liver complications? Hepatology. 2000;31:513–520
- Liver cancer risk is increased in patients with porphyria cutanea tarda in comparison to matched control patients with chronic liver disease. J Hepatol. 2001;35:498–503
- . Alcohol and hepatocellular carcinoma. Gastroenterology. 2004;127:S87–S96
- A multivariate analysis of risk factors for hepatocellular carcinogenesis: a prospective observation of 795 patients with viral and alcoholic cirrhosis. Hepatology. 1993;18:47–53
- . Analysis of factors affecting the appearance of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with chronic hepatitis C. A long term follow-up study after histologic diagnosis. Cancer. 2000;89:53–59
- . Diabetes increases the risk of chronic liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma. Gastroenterology. 2004;126:460–468
- Metabolic factors and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma by chronic hepatitis B/C infection: a follow-up study in Taiwan. Gastroenterology. 2008;135:111–121
- . Hepatic steatosis and the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in chronic hepatitis C. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2005;20:1395–1400
- Hepatic steatosis is a risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection. Cancer. 2003;97:3036–3043
- . Overweight, obesity, and mortality from cancer in a prospectively studied cohort of U.S. adults. N Engl J Med. 2003;348:1625–1638
- Hepatitis C virus related cirrhosis: time to occurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma and death. Gut. 2000;47:131–136
- . Tumor suppressors, chromosomal instability, and hepatitis C virus-associated liver cancer. Annu Rev Pathol. 2009;4:399–415
- . Viral hepatitis and liver cancer: the case of hepatitis C. Oncogene. 2006;25:3834–3847
- . Liver cancer stem cells. J Clin Oncol. 2008;26:2800–2805
- Liver stem cells and hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatology. 2009;49:318–329
- . Pathogenesis of HCV-associated HCC: Dual-pass carcinogenesis through activation of oxidative stress and intracellular signaling. Hepatol Res. 2007;37:S115–S120
- . Hepatitis C virus subgenomic replicons induce endoplasmic reticulum stress activating an intracellular signaling pathway. J Virol. 2002;76:7453–7459
- . Hepatitis C virus induces proteolytic cleavage of sterol regulatory element binding proteins and stimulates their phosphorylation via oxidative stress. J Virol. 2007;81:8122–8130
- Serum thioredoxin levels as an indicator of oxidative stress in patients with hepatitis C virus infection. J Hepatol. 2000;33:616–622
- Increased formation of oxidative DNA damage, 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine, in human livers with chronic hepatitis. Cancer Res. 1994;54:3171–3172
- The core protein of hepatitis C virus induces hepatocellular carcinoma in transgenic mice. Nat Med. 1998;4:1065–1067
- Oxidative stress in the absence of inflammation in a mouse model for hepatitis C virus-associated hepatocarcinogenesis. Cancer Res. 2001;61:4365–4370
- Steatosis and liver cancer in transgenic mice expressing the structural and nonstructural proteins of hepatitis C virus. Gastroenterology. 2002;122:352–365
- . Molecular pathogenesis of human hepatocellular carcinoma. Nat Genet. 2002;31:339–346
- . Inflammation and metabolic disorders. Nature. 2006;444:860–867
- . Mechanisms and significance of liver steatosis in hepatitis C virus infection. World J Gastroenterol. 2006;12:6756–6765
- . Microsomal triglyceride transfer protein. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1997;1345:136–150
- . Hepatitis C virus nonstructural proteins inhibit apolipoprotein B100 secretion. J Biol Chem. 2005;280:39802–39808
- . Hepatitis C virus infection down-regulates the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha and carnitine palmitoyl acyl-CoA transferase 1A. World J Gastroenterol. 2005;11:7591–7596
- Impaired expression of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha during hepatitis C virus infection. Gastroenterology. 2005;128:334–342
- . Hepatitis C virus, ER stress, and oxidative stress. Trends Microbiol. 2005;13:159–163
- . Impaired IRS-1/PI3-kinase signaling in patients with HCV: a mechanism for increased prevalence of type 2 diabetes. Hepatology. 2003;38:1384–1392
- . Reduction in the expression of glucose transporter protein GLUT 2 in preneoplastic and neoplastic hepatic lesions and reexpression of GLUT 1 in late stages of hepatocarcinogenesis. Cancer Res. 1993;53:4204–4211
- Chronic inflammation associated with hepatitis C virus infection perturbs hepatic transforming growth factor beta signaling, promoting cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatology. 2007;46:48–57
- . Laminin-5 with transforming growth factor-beta1 induces epithelial to mesenchymal transition in hepatocellular carcinoma. Gastroenterology. 2005;129:1375–1383
- . Hepatitis C virus nonstructural protein NS3 transforms NIH 3T3 cells. J Virol. 1995;69:3893–3896
- . Hepatitis C virus core protein cooperates with ras and transforms primary rat embryo fibroblasts to tumorigenic phenotype. J Virol. 1996;70:4438–4443
- . Antiapoptotic and oncogenic potentials of hepatitis C virus are linked to interferon resistance by viral repression of the PKR protein kinase. J Virol. 1999;73:6506–6516
- . Hepatitis C virus nonstructural protein NS4B transforms NIH3T3 cells in cooperation with the Ha-ras oncogene. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2000;267:581–587
- Roohvand F, Maillard P, Lavergne JP, Boulant S, Walic M, Andreo U, et al. Initiation of hepatitis C virus infection requires the dynamic microtubule network: role of the viral nucleocapsid protein. J Biol Chem, 2009 [Epub ahead of print].
- . Characterization of cell lines allowing tightly regulated expression of hepatitis C virus core protein. Virology. 1996;222:51–63
- Subcellular localization of hepatitis C virus structural proteins in a cell culture system that efficiently replicates the virus. J Virol. 2006;80:2832–2841
- Hepatitis C virus core protein shows a cytoplasmic localization and associates to cellular lipid storage droplets. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1997;94:1200–1205
- Targeting of hepatitis C virus core protein to mitochondria through a novel C-terminal localization motif. J Virol. 2004;78:7958–7968
- Kang SM, Kim SJ, Kim JH, Lee W, Kim GW, Lee KH, et al. Interaction of hepatitis C virus core protein with Hsp60 triggers the production of reactive oxygen species and enhances TNF-alpha-mediated apoptosis. Cancer Lett, 2009 [Epub ahead of print].
- . Transcriptional repression of p53 promoter by hepatitis C virus core protein. J Biol Chem. 1997;272:10983–10986
- . Activation of p53 tumor suppressor by hepatitis C virus core protein. Virology. 1999;264:134–141
- Physical and functional interaction between HCV core protein and the different p73 isoforms. Oncogene. 2003;22:2573–2580
- . HCV core protein modulates Rb pathway through pRb down-regulation and E2F-1 up-regulation. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2001;1538:59–66
- Oligomerization and cooperative RNA synthesis activity of hepatitis C virus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. J Virol. 2002;76:3865–3872
- . Hepatitis C virus core protein interacts with 14-3-3 protein and activates the kinase Raf-1. J Virol. 2000;74:1736–1741
- . Hepatitis C virus core protein activates the MAPK/ERK cascade synergistically with tumor promoter TPA, but not with epidermal growth factor or transforming growth factor alpha. Hepatology. 2000;32:958–961
- Distinct functional role of hepatitis C virus core protein on NF-kappaB regulation is linked to genomic variation. Virus Res. 2002;87:21–29
- Expression of a full-length hepatitis C virus cDNA up-regulates the expression of CC chemokines MCP-1 and RANTES. Virology. 2002;303:253–277
- Constitutive activation of nuclear factor kappaB in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer. 2000;89:2274–2281
- . Hepatitis C virus core protein suppresses NF-kappaB activation and cyclooxygenase-2 expression by direct interaction with IkappaB kinase beta. J Virol. 2005;79:7648–7657
- . Hepatitis C virus core protein stimulates hepatocyte growth: correlation with upregulation of wnt-1 expression. Hepatology. 2005;41:1096–1105
- Hepatitis C virus core variants isolated from liver tumor but not from adjacent non-tumor tissue interact with Smad3 and inhibit the TGF-beta pathway. Oncogene. 2005;24:6119–6132
- Nelson DR, Gonzalez-Peralta RP, Qian K, Xu Y, Marousis CG, Davis GL, et al. Transforming growth factor-beta 1 in chronic hepatitis C. J Viral Hepat 4:29–35.
- . Fibrosis and disease progression in hepatitis C. Hepatology. 2002;36:S47–S56
- Subcellular localization of hepatitis C virus structural proteins in the liver of transgenic mice. Jpn J Med Sci Biol. 1997;50:169–177
- Hepatitis C virus core protein binds to apolipoprotein AII and its secretion is modulated by fibrates. Hepatology. 1999;30:1064–1076
- Hepatitis C virus core protein inhibits microsomal triglyceride transfer protein activity and very low density lipoprotein secretion: a model of viral-related steatosis. FASEB J. 2002;16:185–194
- Hepatitis C virus core protein induces hepatic steatosis in transgenic mice. J Gen Virol. 1997;78:1527–1531
- . Protein synthesis and endoplasmic reticulum stress can be modulated by the hepatitis C virus envelope protein E2 through the eukaryotic initiation factor 2alpha kinase PERK. J Virol. 2003;77:3578–3585
- . Inhibition of the interferon-inducible protein kinase PKR by HCV E2 protein. Science. 1999;285:107–110
- . Inhibition of protein synthesis by the nonstructural proteins NS4A and NS4B of hepatitis C virus. Virus Res. 2002;90:119–131
- The hepatitis C virus nonstructural protein 4B is an integral endoplasmic reticulum membrane protein. Virology. 2001;284:70–81
- . Hepatitis C virus NS4A and NS4B proteins suppress translation in vivo. J Med Virol. 2002;66:187–199
- . Nonstructural protein precursor NS4A/B from hepatitis C virus alters function and ultrastructure of host secretory apparatus. J Virol. 2003;77:7843–7855
- Hepatitis C virus non-structural protein NS4B can modulate an unfolded protein response. J Microbiol. 2005;43:529–536
- The hepatitis C virus NS2 protein is an inhibitor of CIDE-B-induced apoptosis. J Biol Chem. 2003;278:18256–18264
- Hepatitis C virus NS2 protein inhibits gene expression from different cellular and viral promoters in hepatic and nonhepatic cell lines. Virology. 2003;305:260–266
- . CARD games between virus and host get a new player. Trends Immunol. 2006;27:1–4
- Cardif is an adaptor protein in the RIG-I antiviral pathway and is targeted by hepatitis C virus. Nature. 2005;437:1167–1172
- . Hepatitis C virus protease NS3/4A cleaves mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein off the mitochondria to evade innate immunity. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2005;102:17717–17722
- Regulating intracellular antiviral defense and permissiveness to hepatitis C virus RNA replication through a cellular RNA helicase, RIG-I. J Virol. 2005;79:2689–2699
- . Highly permissive cell lines for subgenomic and genomic hepatitis C virus RNA replication. J Virol. 2002;76:13001–13014
- Identification of FBL2 as a geranylgeranylated cellular protein required for hepatitis C virus RNA replication. Mol Cell. 2005;18:425–434
- Hepatitis C virus nonstructural 5A protein induces interleukin-8, leading to partial inhibition of the interferon-induced antiviral response. J Virol. 2001;75:6095–6106
- Evidence that hepatitis C virus resistance to interferon is mediated through repression of the PKR protein kinase by the nonstructural 5A protein. Virology. 1997;230:217–227
- Control of PKR protein kinase by hepatitis C virus nonstructural 5A protein: molecular mechanisms of kinase regulation. Mol Cell Biol. 1998;18:5208–5218
- Mutations in the nonstructural protein 5A gene and response to interferon in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus 1b infection. N Engl J Med. 1996;334:77–81
- Comparison of full-length sequences of interferon-sensitive and resistant hepatitis C virus 1b. Sensitivity to interferon is conferred by amino acid substitutions in the NS5A region. J Clin Invest. 1995;96:224–230
- . Human hepatitis C virus NS5A protein alters intracellular calcium levels, induces oxidative stress, and activates STAT-3 and NF-kappa B. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2001;98:9599–9604
- Subversion of cell signaling pathways by hepatitis C virus nonstructural 5A protein via interaction with Grb2 and P85 phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. J Virol. 2002;76:9207–9217
- . The Hepatitis C virus NS5A protein activates a phosphoinositide 3-kinase-dependent survival signaling cascade. J Biol Chem. 2004;279:12232–12241
- . Down-regulation of the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor by the hepatitis C virus NS5B RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2005;102:18159–18164
- . Novel insights into hepatitis C virus replication and persistence. Adv Virus Res. 2004;63:71–180
- . Hepatitis C virus NS5A: tales of a promiscuous protein. J Gen Virol. 2004;85:2485–2502
- . The nonstructural NS5A protein of hepatitis C virus: an expanding, multifunctional role in enhancing hepatitis C virus pathogenesis. J Biomed Sci. 2002;9:187–197
- . Interaction between hepatitis C virus proteins and host cell factors. Curr Opin Microbiol. 2002;5:419–427
- . Hepatitis C virus NS5A-mediated activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase results in stabilization of cellular beta-catenin and stimulation of beta-catenin-responsive transcription. J Virol. 2005;79:5006–5016
- . Activation of ribosomal RNA transcription by hepatitis C virus involves upstream binding factor phosphorylation via induction of cyclin D1. Cancer Res. 2009;69:2057–2064
- Genetic alterations associated with hepatocellular carcinomas define distinct pathways of hepatocarcinogenesis. Gastroenterology. 2001;120:1763–1773
- . Dysregulation of growth factor signaling in human hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncogene. 2006;25:3787–3800
- Immunohistochemical detection of ras oncogene p21 product in liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Am J Gastroenterol. 1987;82:512–518
- Ozturk M. Genetic aspects of hepatocellular carcinogenesis. Semin Liver Dis 19:235–42.
- . Overexpression of p28/gankyrin in human hepatocellular carcinoma and its clinical significance. World J Gastroenterol. 2002;8:638–643
- . Expression of insulin-like growth factor II (IGF-II) in human primary liver cancer: mRNA and protein analysis. J Hepatol. 1990;11:226–231
- The hepatocyte is a direct target for transforming-growth factor beta activation via the insulin-like growth factor II/mannose 6-phosphate receptor. J Hepatol. 2003;38:156–163
- Beta-catenin mutations in hepatocellular carcinoma correlate with a low rate of loss of heterozygosity. Oncogene. 1999;18:4044–4046
- Functional consequences of frizzled-7 receptor overexpression in human hepatocellular carcinoma. Gastroenterology. 2004;127:1110–1122
- . Hepatitis C virus-induced oxidative stress suppresses hepcidin expression through increased histone deacetylase activity. Hepatology. 2008;48:1420–1429
- Liver insulin-like growth factor 2 methylation in hepatitis C virus cirrhosis and further occurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Gastroenterol. 2008;14:5419–5427
- Differences in molecular alterations of hepatocellular carcinoma between patients with a sustained virological response and those with hepatitis C virus infection. Liver Int. 2009;29:126–132
- PAI-1, t-PA and circulating hTERT DNA as related to virus infection in liver carcinogenesis. Anticancer Res. 2008;28:223–228
☆ The authors who have taken part in this study declared that they do not have anything to disclose regarding funding from industry or conflict of interest with respect to this manuscript.
PII: S0168-8278(09)00377-8
doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2009.05.008
© 2009 European Association for the Study of the Liver. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
« Previous
Next »
Journal of Hepatology
Volume 51, Issue 4
, Pages 810-820
, October 2009
