Journal of Hepatology
Volume 53, Issue 4 , Pages 738-751 , October 2010

Induced pluripotent stem cells: A new era for hepatology

  • Samira Asgari

      Affiliations

    • Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
    • Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
    • ,
  • Behshad Pournasr

      Affiliations

    • Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
    • ,
  • Ghasem Hosseini Salekdeh

      Affiliations

    • Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
    • Department of Systems Biology, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran, Karaj, Iran
    • ,
  • Arefeh Ghodsizadeh

      Affiliations

    • Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
    • Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
    • ,
  • Michael Ott

      Affiliations

    • Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, and TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
    • ,
  • Hossein Baharvand

      Affiliations

    • Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
    • Department of Developmental Biology, University of Science and Culture, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author. Address: Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, P.O. Box 19395-4644, Tehran, Iran. Tel.: +98 21 22306485; fax: +98 21 22310406.

Received 21 February 2010 ,Revised 9 May 2010 ,Accepted 13 May 2010.

References 

  1. FDA Report: Innovation and Stagnation-Challenge and Opportunity on the Critical Path to New Medical Products. Available from: http://wwwfdagov/oc/initiatives/criticalpath/whitepaperhtml, March 2004.
  2. Aasen T, Raya A, Barrero MJ, Garreta E, Consiglio A, Gonzalez F, et al. Efficient and rapid generation of induced pluripotent stem cells from human keratinocytes. Nat Biotechnol. 2008;26(11):1276–1284
  3. Agarwal S, Holton KL, Lanza R. Efficient differentiation of functional hepatocytes from human embryonic stem cells. Stem Cells. 2008;26(5):1117–1127
  4. Alini M, Eisenstein SM, Ito K, Little C, Kettler AA, Masuda K, et al. Are animal models useful for studying human disc disorders/degeneration?. Eur Spine J. 2008;17(1):2–19
  5. Ambrosino G, Varotto S, Strom SC, Guariso G, Franchin E, Miotto D, et al. Isolated hepatocyte transplantation for Crigler–Najjar syndrome type 1. Cell Transplant. 2005;14(2–3):151–157
  6. Aoi T, Yae K, Nakagawa M, Ichisaka T, Okita K, Takahashi K, et al. Generation of pluripotent stem cells from adult mouse liver and stomach cells. Science. 2008;321(5889):699–702
  7. Baharvand H, Hashemi SM, Kazemi Ashtiani S, Farrokhi A. Differentiation of human embryonic stem cells into hepatocytes in 2D and 3D culture systems in vitro. Int J Dev Biol. 2006;50(7):645–652
  8. Baharvand H, Hashemi SM, Shahsavani M. Differentiation of human embryonic stem cells into functional hepatocyte-like cells in a serum-free adherent culture condition. Differentiation. 2008;76(5):465–477
  9. Basma H, Soto-Gutierrez A, Yannam GR, Liu L, Ito R, Yamamoto T, et al. Differentiation and transplantation of human embryonic stem cell-derived hepatocytes. Gastroenterology. 2009;136(3):990–999
  10. Birraux J, Menzel O, Wildhaber B, Jond C, Nguyen TH, Chardot C. A step toward liver gene therapy: efficient correction of the genetic defect of hepatocytes isolated from a patient with Crigler–Najjar syndrome type 1 with lentiviral vectors. Transplantation. 2009;87(7):1006–1012
  11. Boland MJ, Hazen JL, Nazor KL, Rodriguez AR, Gifford W, Martin G, et al. Adult mice generated from induced pluripotent stem cells. Nature. 2009;461(7260):91–94
  12. Borowiak M, Maehr R, Chen S, Chen AE, Tang W, Fox JL, et al. Small molecules efficiently direct endodermal differentiation of mouse and human embryonic stem cells. Cell Stem Cell. 2009;4(4):348–358
  13. Brolen G, Sivertsson L, Bjorquist P, Eriksson G, Ek M, Semb H, et al. Hepatocyte-like cells derived from human embryonic stem cells specifically via definitive endoderm and a progenitor stage. J Biotechnol. 2010;145(3):284–294
  14. Buesen R, Genschow E, Slawik B, Visan A, Spielmann H, Luch A, et al. Embryonic stem cell test (EST) remastered: comparison between the validated EST and the new molecular FACS-EST for assessing developmental toxicity in vitro. Toxicol Sci. 2009;108(2):389–400
  15. Cai J, Yang M, Poremsky E, Kidd S, Schneider JS, Iacovitti L. Dopaminergic neurons derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells survive and integrate into 6-OHDA lesioned rats. Stem Cells Dev. 2010;19:1017–1023
  16. Cai J, Zhao Y, Liu Y, Ye F, Song Z, Qin H, et al. Directed differentiation of human embryonic stem cells into functional hepatic cells. Hepatology. 2007;45(5):1229–1239
  17. Calvo E, Baselga J. Ethnic differences in response to epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors. J Clin Oncol. 2006;24(14):2158–2163
  18. Chan EM, Ratanasirintrawoot S, Park IH, Manos PD, Loh YH, Huo H, et al. Live cell imaging distinguishes bona fide human iPS cells from partially reprogrammed cells. Nat Biotechnol. 2009;27(11):1033–1037
  19. Chen M, Tomkins DJ, Auerbach W, McKerlie C, Youssoufian H, Liu L, et al. Inactivation of Fac in mice produces inducible chromosomal instability and reduced fertility reminiscent of Fanconi anaemia. Nat Genet. 1996;12(4):448–451
  20. Cho CS, Seo SJ, Park IK, Kim SH, Kim TH, Hoshiba T, et al. Galactose-carrying polymers as extracellular matrices for liver tissue engineering. Biomaterials. 2006;27(4):576–585
  21. Crane LJ, Miller DL. Plasma protein synthesis by isolated rat hepatocytes. J Cell Biol. 1977;72(1):11–25
  22. Crook JM, Kobayashi NR. Human stem cells for modeling neurological disorders: accelerating the drug discovery pipeline. J Cell Biochem. 2008;105(6):1361–1366
  23. Cyranoski D. Stem cells: 5 things to know before jumping on the iPS bandwagon. Nature. 2008;452(7186):406–408
  24. De Bartolo L, Salerno S, Curcio E, Piscioneri A, Rende M, Morelli S, et al. Human hepatocyte functions in a crossed hollow fiber membrane bioreactor. Biomaterials. 2009;30(13):2531–2543
  25. Demetriou AA, Brown RS, Busuttil RW, Fair J, McGuire BM, Rosenthal P, et al. Prospective, randomized, multicenter, controlled trial of a bioartificial liver in treating acute liver failure. Ann Surg. 2004;239(5):660–667discussion 667–670
  26. Dhawan A, Mitry RR, Hughes RD, Lehec S, Terry C, Bansal S, et al. Hepatocyte transplantation for inherited factor VII deficiency. Transplantation. 2004;78(12):1812–1814
  27. Duan Y, Catana A, Meng Y, Yamamoto N, He S, Gupta S, et al. Differentiation and enrichment of hepatocyte-like cells from human embryonic stem cells in vitro and in vivo. Stem Cells. 2007;25(12):3058–3068
  28. Duan Y, Ma X, Zou W, Wang C, Bahbahan IS, Ahuja TP, et al. Differentiation and characterization of metabolically functioning hepatocytes from human embryonic stem cells. Stem Cells. 2010;28(4):674–686
  29. Duncan AW, Dorrell C, Grompe M. Stem cells and liver regeneration. Gastroenterology. 2009;137(2):466–481
  30. Eiges R, Urbach A, Malcov M, Frumkin T, Schwartz T, Amit A, et al. Developmental study of fragile X syndrome using human embryonic stem cells derived from preimplantation genetically diagnosed embryos. Cell Stem Cell. 2007;1(5):568–577
  31. Eminli S, Foudi A, Stadtfeld M, Maherali N, Ahfeldt T, Mostoslavsky G, et al. Differentiation stage determines potential of hematopoietic cells for reprogramming into induced pluripotent stem cells. Nat Genet. 2009;41(9):968–976
  32. Fairbanks KD, Tavill AS. Liver disease in alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency: a review. Am J Gastroenterol. 2008;103(8):2136–2141quiz 2142
  33. Fan J, Shang Y, Yuan Y, Yang J. Preparation and characterization of chitosan/galactosylated hyaluronic acid scaffolds for primary hepatocytes culture. J Mater Sci Mater Med. 2009;21(1):319–327
  34. Fiegel HC, Kaufmann PM, Bruns H, Kluth D, Horch RE, Vacanti JP, et al. Hepatic tissue engineering: from transplantation to customized cell-based liver directed therapies from the laboratory. J Cell Mol Med. 2008;12(1):56–66
  35. Fox IJ, Chowdhury JR, Kaufman SS, Goertzen TC, Chowdhury NR, Warkentin PI, et al. Treatment of the Crigler–Najjar syndrome type I with hepatocyte transplantation. N Engl J Med. 1998;338(20):1422–1426
  36. Giorgetti A, Montserrat N, Aasen T, Gonzalez F, Rodriguez-Piza I, Vassena R, et al. Generation of induced pluripotent stem cells from human cord blood using OCT4 and SOX2. Cell Stem Cell. 2009;5(4):353–357
  37. Grimm S. The art and design of genetic screens: mammalian culture cells. Nat Rev Genet. 2004;5(3):179–189
  38. Grossman M, Raper SE, Kozarsky K, Stein EA, Engelhardt JF, Muller D, et al. Successful ex vivo gene therapy directed to liver in a patient with familial hypercholesterolaemia. Nat Genet. 1994;6(4):335–341
  39. Guguen-Guillouzo C, Corlu A, Guillouzo A. Stem cell-derived hepatocytes and their use in toxicology. Toxicology. 2009;270(1):3–9
  40. Haase A, Olmer R, Schwanke K, Wunderlich S, Merkert S, Hess C, et al. Generation of induced pluripotent stem cells from human cord blood. Cell Stem Cell. 2009;5(4):434–441
  41. Hanna J, Wernig M, Markoulaki S, Sun CW, Meissner A, Cassady JP, et al. Treatment of sickle cell anemia mouse model with iPS cells generated from autologous skin. Science. 2007;318(5858):1920–1923
  42. Hannoun Z, Fletcher J, Greenhough S, Medine C, Samuel K, Sharma R, et al. The comparison between conditioned media and serum-free media in human embryonic stem cell culture and differentiation. Cell. Reprogramming. 2010;12(2):133–140
  43. Harding SE, Ali NN, Brito-Martins M, Gorelik J. The human embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocyte as a pharmacological model. Pharmacol Ther. 2007;113(2):341–353
  44. Hay DC, Fletcher J, Payne C, Terrace JD, Gallagher RC, Snoeys J, et al. Highly efficient differentiation of hESCs to functional hepatic endoderm requires ActivinA and Wnt3a signaling. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2008;105(34):12301–12306
  45. Hay DC, Zhao D, Fletcher J, Hewitt ZA, McLean D, Urruticoechea-Uriguen A, et al. Efficient differentiation of hepatocytes from human embryonic stem cells exhibiting markers recapitulating liver development in vivo. Stem Cells. 2008;26(4):894–902
  46. Hay DC, Zhao D, Ross A, Mandalam R, Lebkowski J, Cui W. Direct differentiation of human embryonic stem cells to hepatocyte-like cells exhibiting functional activities. Cloning Stem Cells. 2007;9(1):51–62
  47. Hengstler JG, Brulport M, Schormann W, Bauer A, Hermes M, Nussler AK, et al. Generation of human hepatocytes by stem cell technology: definition of the hepatocyte. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol. 2005;1(1):61–74
  48. Hong H, Takahashi K, Ichisaka T, Aoi T, Kanagawa O, Nakagawa M, et al. Suppression of induced pluripotent stem cell generation by the p53-p21 pathway. Nature. 2009;460(7259):1132–1135
  49. Horslen SP, McCowan TC, Goertzen TC, Warkentin PI, Cai HB, Strom SC, et al. Isolated hepatocyte transplantation in an infant with a severe urea cycle disorder. Pediatrics. 2003;111(6 Pt. 1):1262–1267
  50. http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/162269.php.
  51. Huangfu D, Maehr R, Guo W, Eijkelenboom A, Snitow M, Chen AE, et al. Induction of pluripotent stem cells by defined factors is greatly improved by small-molecule compounds. Nat Biotechnol. 2008;26(7):795–797
  52. Huangfu D, Osafune K, Maehr R, Guo W, Eijkelenboom A, Chen S, et al. Induction of pluripotent stem cells from primary human fibroblasts with only Oct4 and Sox2. Nat Biotechnol. 2008;26(11):1269–1275
  53. Ishibashi S, Brown MS, Goldstein JL, Gerard RD, Hammer RE, Herz J. Hypercholesterolemia in low density lipoprotein receptor knockout mice and its reversal by adenovirus-mediated gene delivery. J Clin Invest. 1993;92(2):883–893
  54. Ishii T, Fukumitsu K, Yasuchika K, Adachi K, Kawase E, Suemori H, et al. Effects of extracellular matrixes and growth factors on the hepatic differentiation of human embryonic stem cells. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2008;295(2):G313–G321
  55. Jensen J, Hyllner J, Bjorquist P. Human embryonic stem cell technologies and drug discovery. J Cell Physiol. 2009;219(3):513–519
  56. Kaji K, Norrby K, Paca A, Mileikovsky M, Mohseni P, Woltjen K. Virus-free induction of pluripotency and subsequent excision of reprogramming factors. Nature. 2009;458(7239):771–775
  57. Karumbayaram S, Novitch BG, Patterson M, Umbach JA, Richter L, Lindgren A, et al. Directed differentiation of human-induced pluripotent stem cells generates active motor neurons. Stem Cells. 2009;27(4):806–811
  58. Kawamura T, Suzuki J, Wang YV, Menendez S, Morera LB, Raya A, et al. Linking the p53 tumour suppressor pathway to somatic cell reprogramming. Nature. 2009;460(7259):1140–1144
  59. Khan AA, Parveen N, Mahaboob VS, Rajendraprasad A, Ravindraprakash HR, Venkateswarlu J, et al. Treatment of Crigler–Najjar syndrome type 1 by hepatic progenitor cell transplantation: a simple procedure for management of hyperbilirubinemia. Transplant Proc. 2008;40(4):1148–1150
  60. Kim D, Kim CH, Moon JI, Chung YG, Chang MY, Han BS, et al. Generation of human induced pluripotent stem cells by direct delivery of reprogramming proteins. Cell Stem Cell. 2009;4(6):472–476
  61. Kim JB, Zaehres H, Wu G, Gentile L, Ko K, Sebastiano V, et al. Pluripotent stem cells induced from adult neural stem cells by reprogramming with two factors. Nature. 2008;454(7204):646–650
  62. Kiuru M, Boyer JL, O’Connor TP, Crystal RG. Genetic control of wayward pluripotent stem cells and their progeny after transplantation. Cell Stem Cell. 2009;4(4):289–300
  63. Kiwaki K, Kanegae Y, Saito I, Komaki S, Nakamura K, Miyazaki JI, et al. Correction of ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency in adult spf(ash) mice and in OTC-deficient human hepatocytes with recombinant adenoviruses bearing the CAG promoter. Hum Gene Ther. 1996;7(7):821–830
  64. Knoepfler PS. Deconstructing stem cell tumorigenicity: a roadmap to safe regenerative medicine. Stem Cells. 2009;27(5):1050–1056
  65. Kobayashi H, Yamada Y, Kanayama S, Furukawa N, Noguchi T, Haruta S, et al. The role of hepatocyte nuclear factor-1beta in the pathogenesis of clear cell carcinoma of the ovary. Int J Gynecol Cancer. 2009;19(3):471–479
  66. Kobayashi K, Oka K, Forte T, Ishida B, Teng B, Ishimura-Oka K, et al. Reversal of hypercholesterolemia in low density lipoprotein receptor knockout mice by adenovirus-mediated gene transfer of the very low density lipoprotein receptor. J Biol Chem. 1996;271(12):6852–6860
  67. Lavon N, Yanuka O, Benvenisty N. Differentiation and isolation of hepatic-like cells from human embryonic stem cells. Differentiation. 2004;72(5):230–238
  68. Lee G, Papapetrou EP, Kim H, Chambers SM, Tomishima MJ, Fasano CA, et al. Modelling pathogenesis and treatment of familial dysautonomia using patient-specific iPSCs. Nature. 2009;461(7262):402–406
  69. Li W, Ding S. Small molecules that modulate embryonic stem cell fate and somatic cell reprogramming. Trends Pharmacol Sci. 2010;31(1):36–45
  70. Liao J, Wu Z, Wang Y, Cheng L, Cui C, Gao Y, et al. Enhanced efficiency of generating induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells from human somatic cells by a combination of six transcription factors. Cell Res. 2008;18(5):600–603
  71. Liu H, Ye Z, Kim Y, Sharkis S, Jang YY. Generation of endoderm-derived human induced pluripotent stem cells from primary hepatocytes. Hepatology. 2010;51(5):1810–1819
  72. Lorenzini S, Isidori A, Catani L, Gramenzi A, Talarico S, Bonifazi F, et al. Stem cell mobilization and collection in patients with liver cirrhosis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2008;27(10):932–939
  73. Lowry WE, Quan WL. Roadblocks en route to the clinical application of induced pluripotent stem cells. J Cell Sci. 2010;123(Pt. 5):643–651
  74. Lowry WE, Richter L, Yachechko R, Pyle AD, Tchieu J, Sridharan R, et al. Generation of human induced pluripotent stem cells from dermal fibroblasts. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2008;105(8):2883–2888
  75. Lutolf MP, Hubbell JA. Synthetic biomaterials as instructive extracellular microenvironments for morphogenesis in tissue engineering. Nat Biotechnol. 2005;23(1):47–55
  76. Lyssiotis CA, Foreman RK, Staerk J, Garcia M, Mathur D, Markoulaki S, et al. Reprogramming of murine fibroblasts to induced pluripotent stem cells with chemical complementation of Klf4. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2009;106(22):8912–8917
  77. Mali P, Ye Z, Hommond HH, Yu X, Lin J, Chen G, et al. Improved efficiency and pace of generating induced pluripotent stem cells from human adult and fetal fibroblasts. Stem Cells. 2008;26(8):1998–2005
  78. Marion RM, Strati K, Li H, Murga M, Blanco R, Ortega S, et al. A p53-mediated DNA damage response limits reprogramming to ensure iPS cell genomic integrity. Nature. 2009;460(7259):1149–1153
  79. Martínez E, Lagunas A, Mills C, Rodríguez-Seguí S, Estévez M, Oberhansl S, et al. Stem cell differentiation by functionalized micro- and nanostructured surfaces. Nanomedicine. 2009;4(1):65–82
  80. Mateizel I, De Temmerman N, Ullmann U, Cauffman G, Sermon K, Van de Velde H, et al. Derivation of human embryonic stem cell lines from embryos obtained after IVF and after PGD for monogenic disorders. Hum Reprod. 2006;21:503–511
  81. Mazariegos GV, Kramer DJ, Lopez RC, Shakil AO, Rosenbloom AJ, DeVera M, et al. Safety observations in phase I clinical evaluation of the Excorp Medical Bioartificial Liver Support System after the first four patients. Asaio J. 2001;47(5):471–475
  82. Menzel O, Birraux J, Wildhaber BE, Jond C, Lasne F, Habre W, et al. Biosafety in ex vivo gene therapy and conditional ablation of lentivirally transduced hepatocytes in nonhuman primates. Mol Ther. 2009;17(10):1754–1760
  83. Millis JM, Cronin DC, Johnson R, Conjeevaram H, Conlin C, Trevino S, et al. Initial experience with the modified extracorporeal liver-assist device for patients with fulminant hepatic failure: system modifications and clinical impact. Transplantation. 2002;74(12):1735–1746
  84. Miro JM, Laguno M, Moreno A, Rimola A. Management of end stage liver disease (ESLD): what is the current role of orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT)?. J Hepatol. 2006;44(Suppl. 1):S140–S145
  85. Miura K, Okada Y, Aoi T, Okada A, Takahashi K, Okita K, et al. Variation in the safety of induced pluripotent stem cell lines. Nat Biotechnol. 2009;27(8):743–745
  86. Mizumoto H, Aoki K, Nakazawa K, Ijima H, Funatsu K, Kajiwara T. Hepatic differentiation of embryonic stem cells in HF/organoid culture. Transplant Proc. 2008;40(2):611–613
  87. Monga SP, Hout MS, Baun MJ, Micsenyi A, Muller P, Tummalapalli L, et al. Mouse fetal liver cells in artificial capillary beds in three-dimensional four-compartment bioreactors. Am J Pathol. 2005;167(5):1279–1292
  88. Motoyama H, Ogawa S, Kubo A, Miwa S, Nakayama J, Tagawa Y, et al. In vitro reprogramming of adult hepatocytes into insulin-producing cells without viral vectors. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2009;385(1):123–128
  89. Muraca M, Gerunda G, Neri D, Vilei MT, Granato A, Feltracco P, et al. Hepatocyte transplantation as a treatment for glycogen storage disease type 1a. Lancet. 2002;359(9303):317–318
  90. Nelson TJ, Martinez-Fernandez A, Yamada S, Perez-Terzic C, Ikeda Y, Terzic A. Repair of acute myocardial infarction by human stemness factors induced pluripotent stem cells. Circulation. 2009;120(5):408–416
  91. Ng S, Wu YN, Zhou Y, Toh YE, Ho ZZ, Chia SM, et al. Optimization of 3-D hepatocyte culture by controlling the physical and chemical properties of the extra-cellular matrices. Biomaterials. 2005;26(16):3153–3163
  92. Nguyen TH, Birraux J, Wildhaber B, Myara A, Trivin F, Le Coultre C, et al. Ex vivo lentivirus transduction and immediate transplantation of uncultured hepatocytes for treating hyperbilirubinemic Gunn rat. Transplantation. 2006;82(6):794–803
  93. Nguyen TH, Mainot S, Lainas P, Groyer-Picard MT, Franco D, Dagher I, et al. Ex vivo liver-directed gene therapy for the treatment of metabolic diseases: advances in hepatocyte transplantation and retroviral vectors. Curr Gene Ther. 2009;9(2):136–149
  94. Nguyen TH, Oberholzer J, Birraux J, Majno P, Morel P, Trono D. Highly efficient lentiviral vector-mediated transduction of nondividing, fully reimplantable primary hepatocytes. Mol Ther. 2002;6(2):199–209
  95. Nishikawa S, Goldstein RA, Nierras CR. The promise of human induced pluripotent stem cells for research and therapy. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2008;9(9):725–729
  96. Nishimura K, Nakagawa T, Ono K, Ogita H, Sakamoto T, Yamamoto N, et al. Transplantation of mouse induced pluripotent stem cells into the cochlea. Neuroreport. 2009;20(14):1250–1254
  97. Nyberg SL, Remmel RP, Mann HJ, Peshwa MV, Hu WS, Cerra FB. Primary hepatocytes outperform Hep G2 cells as the source of biotransformation functions in a bioartificial liver. Ann Surg. 1994;220(1):59–67
  98. Okita K, Nakagawa M, Hyenjong H, Ichisaka T, Yamanaka S. Generation of mouse induced pluripotent stem cells without viral vectors. Science. 2008;322(5903):949–953
  99. Paquette JA, Kumpf SW, Streck RD, Thomson JJ, Chapin RE, Stedman DB. Assessment of the Embryonic Stem Cell Test and application and use in the pharmaceutical industry. Birth Defects Res B Dev Reprod Toxicol. 2008;83(2):104–111
  100. Park JK, Lee DH. Bioartificial liver systems: current status and future perspective. J Biosci Bioeng. 2005;99(4):311–319
  101. Pascher A, Sauer IM, Hammer C, Gerlach JC, Neuhaus P. Extracorporeal liver perfusion as hepatic assist in acute liver failure: a review of world experience. Xenotransplantation. 2002;9(5):309–324
  102. Pei H, Yang Y, Xi J, Bai Z, Yue W, Nan X, et al. Lineage restriction and differentiation of human embryonic stem cells into hepatic progenitors and zone 1 hepatocytes. Tissue Eng Part C Methods. 2009;15(1):95–104
  103. Rambhatla L, Chiu CP, Kundu P, Peng Y, Carpenter MK. Generation of hepatocyte-like cells from human embryonic stem cells. Cell Transplant. 2003;12(1):1–11
  104. Raya A, Rodriguez-Piza I, Guenechea G, Vassena R, Navarro S, Barrero MJ, et al. Disease-corrected haematopoietic progenitors from Fanconi anaemia induced pluripotent stem cells. Nature. 2009;460(7251):53–59
  105. Roberts EA, Letarte M, Squire J, Yang S. Characterization of human hepatocyte lines derived from normal liver tissue. Hepatology. 1994;19(6):1390–1399
  106. Rosenthal N, Brown S. The mouse ascending: perspectives for human-disease models. Nat Cell Biol. 2007;9(9):993–999
  107. Sancho-Bru P, Najimi M, Caruso M, Pauwelyn K, Cantz T, Forbes S, et al. Stem and progenitor cells for liver repopulation: can we standardise the process from bench to bedside?. Gut. 2009;58(4):594–603
  108. Sauer IM, Kardassis D, Zeillinger K, Pascher A, Gruenwald A, Pless G, et al. Clinical extracorporeal hybrid liver support – phase I study with primary porcine liver cells. Xenotransplantation. 2003;10(5):460–469
  109. Schneider A, Attaran M, Meier PN, Strassburg C, Manns MP, Ott M, et al. Hepatocyte transplantation in an acute liver failure due to mushroom poisoning. Transplantation. 2006;82(8):1115–1116
  110. Schugar RC, Robbins PD, Deasy BM. Small molecules in stem cell self-renewal and differentiation. Gene Ther. 2008;15(2):126–135
  111. Schwartz RE, Linehan JL, Painschab MS, Hu WS, Verfaillie CM, Kaufman DS. Defined conditions for development of functional hepatic cells from human embryonic stem cells. Stem Cells Dev. 2005;14(6):643–655
  112. Seifinejad A, Tabebordbar M, Baharvand H, Boyer LA, Hosseini Salekdeh G. Progress and promise towards safe induced pluripotent stem cells for therapy. Stem Cell Rev, 2010. [Epub ahead of print].
  113. Sekine I, Yamamoto N, Nishio K, Saijo N. Emerging ethnic differences in lung cancer therapy. Br J Cancer. 2008;99(11):1757–1762
  114. Shi Y, Desponts C, Do JT, Hahm HS, Scholer HR, Ding S. Induction of pluripotent stem cells from mouse embryonic fibroblasts by Oct4 and Klf4 with small-molecule compounds. Cell Stem Cell. 2008;3(5):568–574
  115. Shi Y, Do JT, Desponts C, Hahm HS, Scholer HR, Ding S. A combined chemical and genetic approach for the generation of induced pluripotent stem cells. Cell Stem Cell. 2008;2(6):525–528
  116. Shirahashi H, Wu J, Yamamoto N, Catana A, Wege H, Wager B, et al. Differentiation of human and mouse embryonic stem cells along a hepatocyte lineage. Cell Transplant. 2004;13(3):197–211
  117. Shvartsman I, Dvir T, Harel-Adar T, Cohen S. Perfusion cell seeding and cultivation induce the assembly of thick and functional hepatocellular tissue-like construct. Tissue Eng Part A. 2009;15(4):751–760
  118. Si-Tayeb K, Noto FK, Nagaoka M, Li J, Battle MA, Duris C, et al. Highly efficient generation of human hepatocyte-like cells from induced pluripotent stem cells. Hepatology. 2010;51(1):297–305
  119. Sokal EM, Smets F, Bourgois A, Van Maldergem L, Buts JP, Reding R, et al. Hepatocyte transplantation in a 4-year-old girl with peroxisomal biogenesis disease: technique, safety, and metabolic follow-up. Transplantation. 2003;76(4):735–738
  120. Soldner F, Hockemeyer D, Beard C, Gao Q, Bell GW, Cook EG, et al. Parkinson’s disease patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells free of viral reprogramming factors. Cell. 2009;136(5):964–977
  121. Sommer CA, Stadtfeld M, Murphy GJ, Hochedlinger K, Kotton DN, Mostoslavsky G. Induced pluripotent stem cell generation using a single lentiviral stem cell cassette. Stem Cells. 2009;27(3):543–549
  122. Song Z, Cai J, Liu Y, Zhao D, Yong J, Duo S, et al. Efficient generation of hepatocyte-like cells from human induced pluripotent stem cells. Cell Res. 2009;19(11):1233–1242
  123. Soto-Gutierrez A, Kobayashi N, Rivas-Carrillo JD, Navarro-Alvarez N, Zhao D, Okitsu T, et al. Reversal of mouse hepatic failure using an implanted liver-assist device containing ES cell-derived hepatocytes. Nat Biotechnol. 2006;24(11):1412–1419
  124. Spielmann H. Reproduction and development. Environ Health Perspect. 1998;106(Suppl. 2):571–576
  125. Stadtfeld M, Nagaya M, Utikal J, Weir G, Hochedlinger K. Induced pluripotent stem cells generated without viral integration. Science. 2008;322(5903):945–949
  126. Stephenne X, Najimi M, Sibille C, Nassogne MC, Smets F, Sokal EM. Sustained engraftment and tissue enzyme activity after liver cell transplantation for argininosuccinate lyase deficiency. Gastroenterology. 2006;130(4):1317–1323
  127. Stephenne X, Najimi M, Smets F, Reding R, de Goyet J, Sokal EM. Cryopreserved liver cell transplantation controls ornithine transcarbamylase deficient patient while awaiting liver transplantation. Am J Transplant. 2005;5(8):2058–2061
  128. Strom SC, Chowdhury JR, Fox IJ. Hepatocyte transplantation for the treatment of human disease. Semin Liver Dis. 1999;19(1):39–48
  129. Strom SC, Fisher RA, Thompson MT, Sanyal AJ, Cole PE, Ham JM, et al. Hepatocyte transplantation as a bridge to orthotopic liver transplantation in terminal liver failure. Transplantation. 1997;63(4):559–569
  130. Sullivan GJ, Hay DC, Park IH, Fletcher J, Hannoun Z, Payne CM, et al. Generation of functional human hepatic endoderm from human induced pluripotent stem cells. Hepatology. 2010;51(1):329–335
  131. Sullivan JP, Gordon JE, Bou-Akl T, Matthew HW, Palmer AF. Enhanced oxygen delivery to primary hepatocytes within a hollow fiber bioreactor facilitated via hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers. Artif Cells Blood Substit Immobil Biotechnol. 2007;35(6):585–606
  132. Sun N, Panetta NJ, Gupta DM, Wilson KD, Lee A, Jia F, et al. Feeder-free derivation of induced pluripotent stem cells from adult human adipose stem cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2009;106(37):15720–15725
  133. Takahashi K, Tanabe K, Ohnuki M, Narita M, Ichisaka T, Tomoda K, et al. Induction of pluripotent stem cells from adult human fibroblasts by defined factors. Cell. 2007;131(5):861–872
  134. Takahashi K, Yamanaka S. Induction of pluripotent stem cells from mouse embryonic and adult fibroblast cultures by defined factors. Cell. 2006;126(4):663–676
  135. Tanaka T, Tohyama S, Murata M, Nomura F, Kaneko T, Chen H, et al. In vitro pharmacologic testing using human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2009;385(4):497–502
  136. Thomson JA, Itskovitz-Eldor J, Shapiro SS, Waknitz MA, Swiergiel JJ, Marshall VS, et al. Embryonic stem cell lines derived from human blastocysts. Science. 1998;282:1145–1147
  137. Tong JZ, De Lagausie P, Furlan V, Cresteil T, Bernard O, Alvarez F. Long-term culture of adult rat hepatocyte spheroids. Exp Cell Res. 1992;200(2):326–332
  138. Totonchi M, Taei A, Seifinejad A, Tabebordbar M, Rassouli H, Farrokhi A, et al. Feeder- and serum-free establishment and expansion of human induced pluripotent stem cells. Int J Dev Biol. 2010;54(5):877–886
  139. Touboul T, Hannan NR, Corbineau S, Martinez A, Martinet C, Branchereau S, et al. Generation of functional hepatocytes from human embryonic stem cells under chemically defined conditions that recapitulate liver development. Hepatology. 2010;51(5):1754–1765
  140. Utikal J, Polo JM, Stadtfeld M, Maherali N, Kulalert W, Walsh RM, et al. Immortalization eliminates a roadblock during cellular reprogramming into iPS cells. Nature. 2009;460(7259):1145–1148
  141. van de Kerkhove MP, Di Florio E, Scuderi V, Mancini A, Belli A, Bracco A, et al. Phase I clinical trial with the AMC-bioartificial liver. Int J Artif Organs. 2002;25(10):950–959
  142. Verlinsky Y, Strelchenko N, Kukharenko V, Rechitsky S, Verlinsky O, Galat V, et al. Human embryonic stem cell lines with genetic disorders. Reprod Biomed Online. 2005;10(1):105–110
  143. Vierbuchen T, Ostermeier A, Pang ZP, Kokubu Y, Sudhof TC, Wernig M. Direct conversion of fibroblasts to functional neurons by defined factors. Nature. 2010;463(7284):1035–1041
  144. Wilson CA, Wong S, Muller J, Davidson CE, Rose TM, Burd P. Type C retrovirus released from porcine primary peripheral blood mononuclear cells infects human cells. J Virol. 1998;72(4):3082–3087
  145. Woltjen K, Michael IP, Mohseni P, Desai R, Mileikovsky M, Hamalainen R, et al. PiggyBac transposition reprograms fibroblasts to induced pluripotent stem cells. Nature. 2009;458(7239):766–770
  146. Xu D, Alipio Z, Fink LM, Adcock DM, Yang J, Ward DC, et al. Phenotypic correction of murine hemophilia A using an iPS cell-based therapy. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2009;106(3):808–813
  147. Xu Y, Shi Y, Ding S. A chemical approach to stem-cell biology and regenerative medicine. Nature. 2008;453(7193):338–344
  148. Yamanaka S. A fresh look at iPS cells. Cell. 2009;137(1):13–17
  149. Yang J, Goto M, Ise H, Cho CS, Akaike T. Galactosylated alginate as a scaffold for hepatocytes entrapment. Biomaterials. 2002;23(2):471–479
  150. Yannaki E, Anagnostopoulos A, Kapetanos D, Xagorari A, Iordanidis F, Batsis I, et al. Lasting amelioration in the clinical course of decompensated alcoholic cirrhosis with boost infusions of mobilized peripheral blood stem cells. Exp Hematol. 2006;34(11):1583–1587
  151. Yokoo N, Baba S, Kaichi S, Niwa A, Mima T, Doi H, et al. The effects of cardioactive drugs on cardiomyocytes derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2009;387(3):482–488
  152. Yu J, Hu K, Smuga-Otto K, Tian S, Stewart R, Slukvin II, et al. Human induced pluripotent stem cells free of vector and transgene sequences. Science. 2009;324(5928):797–801
  153. Yu J, Vodyanik MA, Smuga-Otto K, Antosiewicz-Bourget J, Frane JL, Tian S, et al. Induced pluripotent stem cell lines derived from human somatic cells. Science. 2007;318(5858):1917–1920
  154. Zhang D, Jiang W, Liu M, Sui X, Yin X, Chen S, et al. Highly efficient differentiation of human ES cells and iPS cells into mature pancreatic insulin-producing cells. Cell Res. 2009;19(4):429–438
  155. Zhang J, Wilson GF, Soerens AG, Koonce CH, Yu J, Palecek SP, et al. Functional cardiomyocytes derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells. Circ Res. 2009;104(4):e30–e41
  156. Zhao Q, Ren H, Li X, Chen Z, Zhang X, Gong W, et al. Differentiation of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells into low immunogenic hepatocyte-like cells. Cytotherapy. 2009;11(4):414–426
  157. Zhao XY, Li W, Lv Z, Liu L, Tong M, Hai T, et al. IPS cells produce viable mice through tetraploid complementation. Nature. 2009;461(7260):86–90
  158. Zhou H, Wu S, Joo JY, Zhu S, Han DW, Lin T, et al. Generation of induced pluripotent stem cells using recombinant proteins. Cell Stem Cell. 2009;4(5):381–384
  159. Zhou Q, Brown J, Kanarek A, Rajagopal J, Melton DA. In vivo reprogramming of adult pancreatic exocrine cells to beta-cells. Nature. 2008;455(7213):627–632

PII: S0168-8278(10)00555-6

doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2010.05.009

Journal of Hepatology
Volume 53, Issue 4 , Pages 738-751 , October 2010

Article Tools

* Image Usage & Resolution