Summary
Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) are highly specialized endothelial cells
representing the interface between blood cells on the one side and hepatocytes and
hepatic stellate cells on the other side. LSECs represent a permeable barrier. Indeed,
the association of ‘fenestrae’, absence of diaphragm and lack of basement membrane
make them the most permeable endothelial cells of the mammalian body. They also have
the highest endocytosis capacity of human cells. In physiological conditions, LSECs
regulate hepatic vascular tone contributing to the maintenance of a low portal pressure
despite the major changes in hepatic blood flow occurring during digestion. LSECs
maintain hepatic stellate cell quiescence, thus inhibiting intrahepatic vasoconstriction
and fibrosis development. In pathological conditions, LSECs play a key role in the
initiation and progression of chronic liver diseases. Indeed, they become capillarized
and lose their protective properties, and they promote angiogenesis and vasoconstriction.
LSECs are implicated in liver regeneration following acute liver injury or partial
hepatectomy since they renew from LSECs and/or LSEC progenitors, they sense changes
in shear stress resulting from surgery, and they interact with platelets and inflammatory
cells. LSECs also play a role in hepatocellular carcinoma development and progression,
in ageing, and in liver lesions related to inflammation and infection. This review
also presents a detailed analysis of the technical aspects relevant for LSEC analysis
including the markers these cells express, the available cell lines and the transgenic
mouse models. Finally, this review provides an overview of the strategies available
for a specific targeting of LSECs.
Keywords
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: July 13, 2016
Accepted:
July 7,
2016
Received in revised form:
July 5,
2016
Received:
May 24,
2016
Identification
Copyright
© 2016 European Association for the Study of the Liver. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
